php array_walk array_map array_filter區(qū)別案例詳解
php 開發(fā)經(jīng)常遇到數(shù)組處理,會涉及到題目中這幾個函數(shù)。這個函數(shù)功能類似,很多時候容易混淆。
array_walk:
array_walk — 使用用戶自定義函數(shù)對數(shù)組中的每個元素做回調(diào)處理
1. 用戶自定義的函數(shù)處理每一個元素
2. 直接修改原數(shù)組,不會創(chuàng)建新的數(shù)組
3. 可以傳遞額外的參數(shù)
Example #1 :
<?php $fruits = array("d" => "lemon", "a" => "orange", "b" => "banana", "c" => "apple"); function test_alter(&$item1, $key, $prefix) { $item1 = "$prefix: $item1"; } function test_print($item2, $key) { echo "$key. $item2
n"; } echo "Before ...:n"; array_walk($fruits, 'test_print'); array_walk($fruits, 'test_alter', 'fruit'); echo "... and after:n"; array_walk($fruits, 'test_print'); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
Before ...:
d. lemon
a. orange
b. banana
c. apple ... and after:
d. fruit: lemon
a. fruit: orange
b. fruit: banana
c. fruit: apple
更多信息參考官方文檔:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-walk.php
array_map
array_map — 為數(shù)組的每個元素應(yīng)用回調(diào)函數(shù)
1. 回調(diào)函數(shù),應(yīng)用到每個數(shù)組里的每個元素
2. 可以處理多個數(shù)組,合并處理
3. 返回新建的數(shù)組
4. 傳入 NULL 作為回調(diào)函數(shù)的名稱,將創(chuàng)建多維數(shù)組
5. 傳入兩個及以上的數(shù)組時,它們元素數(shù)量將會相同。因為回調(diào)函數(shù)會并行地處理相互對應(yīng)的元素。 如果幾個數(shù)組的元素數(shù)量不一致:空元素會擴展短那個數(shù)組,直到長度和最長的數(shù)組一樣。
Example #1:
<?php function cube($n) { return($n * $n * $n); } $a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); $b = array_map("cube", $a); print_r($b); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
Array
(
[0] => 1
[1] => 8
[2] => 27
[3] => 64
[4] => 125)
Example #2:
<?php $func = function($value) { return $value * 2; }; print_r(array_map($func, range(1, 5))); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
Array
(
[0] => 2
[1] => 4
[2] => 6
[3] => 8
[4] => 10)
Example #3:
<?php function show_Spanish($n, $m) { return("The number $n is called $m in Spanish"); } function map_Spanish($n, $m) { return(array($n => $m)); } $a = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); $b = array("uno", "dos", "tres", "cuatro", "cinco"); $c = array_map("show_Spanish", $a, $b); print_r($c); $d = array_map("map_Spanish", $a , $b); print_r($d); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
// printout of $c
Array
(
[0] => The number 1 is called uno in Spanish
[1] => The number 2 is called dos in Spanish
[2] => The number 3 is called tres in Spanish
[3] => The number 4 is called cuatro in Spanish
[4] => The number 5 is called cinco in Spanish
)// printout of $d
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[1] => uno
)[1] => Array
(
[2] => dos
)[2] => Array
(
[3] => tres
)[3] => Array
(
[4] => cuatro
)[4] => Array
(
[5] => cinco
)
更多信息參考官方文檔:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-map.php
array_filter
* array_filter — 用回調(diào)函數(shù)過濾數(shù)組中的單元*
1. 依次將 array 數(shù)組中的每個值傳遞到 callback 函數(shù)。如果 callback 函數(shù)返回 true,則 array 數(shù)組的當(dāng)前值會被包含在返回的結(jié)果數(shù)組中。數(shù)組的鍵名保留不變。
2. 如果沒有提供 callback 函數(shù), 將刪除 array 中所有等值為 FALSE 的條目。
3. ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY - callback接受鍵名作為的唯一參數(shù),ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH - callback同時接受鍵名和鍵值
Example 1:
<?php function odd($var) { // returns whether the input integer is odd return($var & 1); } function even($var) { // returns whether the input integer is even return(!($var & 1)); } $array1 = array("a"=>1, "b"=>2, "c"=>3, "d"=>4, "e"=>5); $array2 = array(6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12); echo "Odd :n"; print_r(array_filter($array1, "odd")); echo "Even:n"; print_r(array_filter($array2, "even")); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
Odd :
Array
(
[a] => 1
[c] => 3
[e] => 5
)
Even:
Array
(
[0] => 6
[2] => 8
[4] => 10
[6] => 12
Example #2:
<?php $entry = array( 0 => 'foo', 1 => false, 2 => -1, 3 => null, 4 => '' ); print_r(array_filter($entry)); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
Array
(
[0] => foo
[2] => -1
)
Example #3:
<?php $arr = ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2, 'c' => 3, 'd' => 4]; var_dump(array_filter($arr, function($k) { return $k == 'b'; }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY)); var_dump(array_filter($arr, function($v, $k) { return $k == 'b' || $v == 4; }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_BOTH)); ?>
//運行結(jié)果
array(1) {
["b"]=>
int(2)
}
array(2) {
["b"]=>
int(2)
["d"]=>
int(4)
)
更多信息參考官方文檔:http://php.net/manual/zh/function.array-filter.php
參考其他鏈接: https://www.jb51.net/article/222535.htm
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